The Reading Outcomes Framework
(theory of change)
Click each outcome in the framework to see a definition.
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Activity to encourage reading for pleasure and empowerment
This activity results in positive impact on one or more of the following reading engagement outcomes
Reading engagement outcomes following areas
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Attitudes to readingWhat you think about reading, whether you enjoy it and whether it is important to you
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Awareness of reading preferences & how to choose what to readUnderstanding that different people like to read different things, knowing what you do and don't like to read and being able to select reading materials accordingly
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Confidence about readingFeeling able to read well and being confident in your own reading abilities, either for yourself or when reading to others
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Identifying as a readerThinking of yourself as a reader, as someone who is able to read and chooses to do so
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Motivation to readThe extent to which you are driven to read
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Reading behaviour (frequency, quantity, breadth & depth)How often you read and how long you spend reading, as well as the amount and variety of things you read
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Reading environmentAccess or exposure to a supportive reading environment (e.g. encouragement, reading role-models, help and reading materials). This may be at home, in school or in other settings
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Sharing enjoyment of readingTalking about reading to other people, encouraging other people to read, reading with other people and/or reading to other people
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Understanding how to find reading materialsKnowing where you can get the things you want to read, such as in libraries, bookshops or online, and feeling comfortable / confident to use these
Increased reading engagement can have a positive impact on the following outcomes for individuals
Health & wellbeing outcomes
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Mental healthYour emotional, psychological and social wellbeing which affects how you think, feel and behave
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Physical healthBeing fit and healthy, free from disease or feeling able to manage a long-term condition
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RelaxationBeing free from tension and anxiety in your body and mind. This may include escapism, which means reading about things that take you away from your day-to-day life
Intellectual outcomes
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AttainmentAchieving a goal that you've worked towards, which could be an educational, workplace or personal goal
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Critical thinkingBeing able to think clearly and rationally to make reasoned judgements about what to do or what to believe
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Focus and concentrationPerforming an activity where you are fully involved and absorbed in the flow of the activity and being able to sustain engagement in an activity through to completion
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KnowledgeDeveloping an awareness or understanding of something, including differences and new possibilities
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Language and literacyBeing able to read, write, listen and communicate well, or getting better at these skills
Personal outcomes
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Being open-mindedBeing willing to hear new ideas, try new things and being tolerant of different lifestyles, beliefs and cultures
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CreativityTurning original or imaginative ideas into something new, or finding different ways to solve a problem
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EmpathyExperiencing another person's feelings as if you are seeing life through their eyes
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Self-expressionExpressing your feelings, thoughts or ideas, for example, through speaking, writing, art, music or dance
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Self-esteemHaving a positive attitude towards yourself, feeling like you are worth something and having confidence in your own abilities
Social outcomes
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Communication skillsBeing able to share meaning with other people by talking, listening, writing and exchanging views
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RelationshipsMaking and sustaining connections with other people including children, family, friends and the wider community
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Social and cultural participationBeing an active part of a community. This could take the form of volunteering, recreational activities, online activities and generally interacting with other members of the community
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Understanding self and othersBeing aware of your own characteristics, identity, needs and desires as well as those of others, including people with different perspectives, backgrounds, cultures and ways of life
Success in achieving these outcomes contributes to wider positive impact in the following areas
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CulturalArtistic activity and the ideas, customs and social behaviour of a society
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EconomicRelating to money and costs, includes employment and spending on services like health care
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SocietalSocial relations, including social mobility